The effect of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on small intestinal morphology,antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory effect in heat‐stressed broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory response in heat‐stressed broiler. A total of 192 2‐week‐old Arbour Acres broilers chickens were divided into four groups with six replicates per group and eight chickens per replicate: one thermoneutral control group (28°C, group TN), which was fed the basal diet; and three cyclic high‐temperature groups (35°C from 7:00 to 19:00 hr; 28°C from 19:00 hr to 7:00 hr, heat stress group), which were fed the basal diet supplementation with EGCG 0 mg/kg (group HS0), 300 mg/kg (group HS300) and 600 mg/kg (group HS600). The gut morphology and intestinal mucosal oxidative stress indicators, as well as intestinal barrier‐related gene expression, were analysed. The results showed that compared with group TN, heat stress reduced the villus height (VH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT), increased the crypt depth (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)content at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). After the heat‐stressed broilers were supplemented with EGCG, VH, VH/CD (V/C), and the activities of GSH‐Px, SOD and CAT were increased, and CD and MDA content were reduced compared with those in group HS0 without EGCG supplementation at 21, 28 and 35 days (p < 0.05). The EGCG supplementation promoted the gene expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), Claudin‐1, Mucin 2 (Muc2) and alleviated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor (LITAF) gene expression compared with group HS0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal morphology was strongly correlated with antioxidant ability and inflammatory response. In conclusion, EGCG alleviated the gut oxidative injury of heat‐stressed broilers by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response.     

家禽肠道健康及其营养调控措施

肠道健康是一种维持肠道正常生理功能和稳态、抵抗感染和非传染性疾病的能力,肠道健康失衡对家禽生长发育和生产性能均有不利影响。本文综述了肠道健康的概念、组成及调控家禽肠道健康的营养措施,旨在为相关研究提供参考。     

动物生物安全二级实验室建设探讨

为满足兽用生物制品免疫攻毒试验需求,参照实验动物设施建设相关国家标准及生物安全实验室建筑技术规范,设计和建设了一个双走廊模式、屏障环境、符合生物安全二级要求的动物生物安全二级实验室(ABSL-2),可满足使用清洁级以上的实验动物进行的感染性试验的需求。本文针对ABSL-2的设施设计要点、生物安全控制等相关理念和内容进行了阐述,强调建设过程应高度关注生物安全防护问题,以期为建设相关单位建设实验室提供信息参考。     

Research Advanced on Functions of Nutritional Regulation and Intestinal Barrier of Arginine

Arginine is one of the most important amino acids for animals,and participates in the synthesis and metabolism of many nutrients,plays a role in the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract.Intestinal barrier function is one of the most functions for intestine.The article will summarize the effect of arginine on intestinal barrier.It was explicated the influence on inteseinal immunity of Toll-like receptor.This research provided some references for further study of arginine regulation on animal production.     

高性能阻隔膜对新制蒸汽压片玉米储存过程防霉效果的研究

本试验利用普通隔膜和高性能阻隔膜材料储存新制蒸汽压片玉米,检测不同保存时间点蒸汽压片玉米的霉变情况,探讨利用高性能阻隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米的可行性。试验以不密封的普通隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米为未密封普通隔膜组,以密封的普通隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米为密封普通隔膜组,以密封的高性能阻隔膜储存新制蒸汽压片玉米为高阻隔膜组。将各组新制蒸汽压片玉米分别在储存0、7、14、21、28、42、56 d后取出,进行感官评价并测定其化学成分含量、脂肪酸值及黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和呕吐毒素(DON)含量。结果表明:1)随着储存时间的延长,未密封普通隔膜组和密封普通隔膜组相继出现霉变现象,高阻隔膜组储存至56 d时尚未出现霉变现象。2)随着储存天数的增加,不同膜处理的蒸汽压片玉米的粗脂肪、可溶性淀粉含量和淀粉糊化度呈降低趋势,粗灰分、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量在储存期间均没有显著变化(P0.05)。3)储存时间对蒸汽压片玉米的脂肪酸值存在极显著的影响(P0.01),高阻隔膜组蒸汽压片玉米的脂肪酸值增长最为缓慢,储存至56 d时其脂肪酸值为10.54 mg/kg。4)在储存期间,蒸汽压片玉米的AFB1、ZEA含量随储存时间延长呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),各组呕吐毒素含量没有显著差异(P0.05);储存至56 d时,未密封普通隔膜组、密封普通隔膜组、高阻隔膜组的AFB1、ZEA和DON含量分别为1.03、0.73、0.01μg/L,181.13、170.49、148.19μg/L和1.23、1.23、1.20μg/m L。由此可见,高性能阻隔膜能够有效抑制霉菌生长,延缓脂肪酸败,使新制蒸汽压片玉米安全储存至56 d。     

挑战与机遇并存--谈我国蜂业现状及发展对策

刚刚加入WTO不久的中国蜂业便遭遇欧盟等国家贸易壁垒的强大压力，内外交困的中国蜂业将何去何从?本文根据我国蜂业生产及蜂产品市场现状，探讨了促进我国蜂业经济发展的对策，并对蜂业未来的发展进行了展望。     

朝阳东大桥承台砼施工技术

叙述了朝阳东大桥主桥两个承台大体积砼的施工经过。总结了施工方案优选过程和大体积低水化热砼的配合比试验情况,并在实际施工中,证明,该技术措施可行,方案经济合理,取得了比较成功的经验。     

日粮锌、硒水平对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响

为了探讨微量元素锌和硒相互作用对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响，将24只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分3组，分别饲喂添加有高锌高硒(锌1000mg／kg、硒5mg／kg)、低锌低硒(锌34mg／kg、硒0．08mg／kg)或常锌常硒(锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg)的日粮45d后，观察肠黏膜上皮细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构变化。结果表明：高锌高硒或低锌低硒组肉鸡的肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤，表现为肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩，绒毛长度下降，上皮内淋巴细胞数量减少；盲肠扁桃体的弥散淋巴组织和淋巴小结中，淋巴细胞数量减少，细胞出现肿胀，有的核消失，结缔组织增生，淋巴小结萎缩。尤其是高锌高硒组的损伤最为严重。而常锌常硒组肉鸡肠黏膜和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构正常。结论：日粮中按锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg的比例添加，对于维持肠道黏膜的正常屏障结构是合适的。过高或过低的锌和硒对小肠黏膜有毒性作用，破坏其屏障功能；而且高锌和高硒可相互促进以增强其毒性作用。     

内场致发射电极在电解水中的电化学行为

内场致发射电极是根据内场致发射原理制备的一种电极。把它应用于电化学实验中是最近几年新兴起的一个学术研究领域。本文介绍了内场致发射电极的基本原理及在电解水中的应用，讨论了它在电解水中的电化学行为的规律，得出了内场致发射电子可以参加电化学反应的结论。     

Use of albumin quotient and IgG index to differentiate blood- vs brain-derived proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

BACKGROUND: Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a frequent condition in cats but etiology often remains unsolved. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis can be extended through the calculation of the albumin quotient (Q(alb)), a marker of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and IgG index, an estimate of intrathecal IgG synthesis. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to validate nephelometric methods for CSF protein analysis, and to use the Q(alb) and IgG index to discriminate blood- and brain-derived immunoglobulin fractions in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). METHODS: Cats presented to our clinic between 2001 and 2005 were included in the study based on clinical and laboratory data and histopathologic findings at necropsy. Cats were grouped as having nonneurologic disease (controls; n=37), brain tumors (n=8), FIP involving the CNS (n=12), and extraneural FIP (n=12). CSF-total protein (TP) was measured and albumin and IgG concentrations were measured in paired CSF/serum samples; Q(alb) and IgG index were calculated. Intraassay and interassay precision of the nephelometric assays were determined using pooled samples. RESULTS: Coefficients of variation for the nephelometric assays ranged from 2.7% to 7.2%. In control cats, CSF-TP concentration ranged from 0.06 to 0.36 g/L, Q(alb) ranged from 0.6 to 5.7 x 10(-3), and IgG index ranged from 0.3 to 0.6. Q(alb) and IgG index were significantly higher in cats with brain tumors and cats with CNS-FIP compared with other groups. Compared with control cats, pleocytosis was evident in 8 of 12 (67%) cats and CSF-TP was increased in 3 of 12 (25%) cats with CNS-FIP. CONCLUSION: Nephelometry is a reliable method for measurement of CSF protein, albumin, and IgG in cats. The Q(alb) and IgG index did not identify a CSF protein pattern specific for BBB dysfunction or intrathecal IgG synthesis in cats with CNS-FIP.